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He Yong: Smart Agricultural Management Aims for Systemic Optimization
发布时间：2022-05-20
The United States is a quintessential modern agricultural nation globally, with approximately 3.5 million people directly engaged in farming. Not only does it feed its own 300 million citizens, but it has also become the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products. Comprehensive, fully integrated mechanization—and rapidly advancing digital technologies—have laid a robust foundation for the development of smart agriculture in the country. Today, the U.S. has established a sophisticated, large-scale smart farming system: 69.6% of farms now use sensors to collect data, while agricultural robots are already being deployed in critical tasks such as planting, spraying pesticides, and harvesting.
As the world's leading country in agricultural drone spraying, Japan primarily leverages the Agricultural Internet of Things as a source of data, widely deploying agricultural robots to continuously pursue labor-saving and precision-focused agricultural production—addressing the growing shortage of farming manpower.
The characteristics of smart agriculture in developed countries such as Europe, the U.S., and Japan are rooted in modern agricultural development trends, combined with each country's unique agricultural production realities. These nations have actively pursued theoretical and practical research on smart agriculture, leveraging cutting-edge information technologies to maximize the role of intelligent agricultural equipment. By integrating technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence, big data, and 5G, they treat crops, soil, environment, weather, machinery, and personnel as an integrated system—allowing for holistic, coordinated management aimed at achieving optimal performance across the entire system.
Developed countries have valuable lessons in the research, development, and application of smart agriculture technologies that China could learn from.
First, we must start by boosting productivity as the key to overcoming bottlenecks in agricultural production. Countries like the Netherlands and Israel, which face severe shortages of freshwater resources, have vigorously developed facility-based agriculture, adopting soilless cultivation techniques along with precision spray and drip irrigation systems. Meanwhile, Japan’s agricultural sector is grappling with an aging workforce and a critical labor shortage, prompting the country to invest heavily in agricultural drones and robotics, significantly enhancing operational efficiency. Similarly, southern China is also confronting challenges such as labor shortages and limited arable land in its hilly and mountainous regions. To address these issues, it’s essential to develop versatile, compact machinery that can replace human labor, thereby tackling the mechanization needs of farming in rugged terrain. In major grain-producing areas, full-scale mechanization should be implemented to dramatically improve labor productivity. Meanwhile, economically advanced regions could explore the establishment of fully automated or minimally manned farms, orchards, pastures, and fisheries—technologies that not only elevate agricultural modernization but also set new benchmarks for efficiency and sustainability in food production.
Second, implementing standardized planning and operations is the foundation and prerequisite for developing smart agriculture. In developed countries, standardized planning and precision management of farmland, orchards, and pastures have created the conditions for large-scale, highly efficient use of intelligent agricultural equipment, significantly boosting operational efficiency, crop yields, and product quality. China’s farmland, orchards, and pastures must swiftly advance standardized planning, establish standardized operational guidelines, and develop high-efficiency, complementary machinery to pave the way for large-scale mechanized farming.
Third, fully leverage modern technology to give agriculture the wings of innovation. Abroad, advanced space-air-land technologies and meteorological data are widely used to enable rapid, precise acquisition of farm-field information and intelligent management. With the ongoing advancements in IoT, big data, and 5G technologies—especially through the application of high-resolution satellites and the BeiDou satellite navigation system—it is now possible to achieve real-time, dynamic monitoring of crop and livestock growth. This allows for adaptive adjustments to environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and light, tailored precisely to each crop’s specific needs, as well as highly accurate, targeted applications of fertilizers, water, and agricultural inputs.
(He Yong, Director of the Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Research Center, Zhejiang University)