The White Dew has passed, and the weather is getting cooler. The rice in Longmen, Huizhou is in the vigorous growth period of jointing and booting, and the hidden diseases and pests are beginning to break out. In previous years, this period was the busiest time for farmers. Farmers with large cartridges, one hand valve and one hand nozzle can be seen everywhere in the field. Now, such a scene has been replaced by plant protection UAVs.
In recent years, in the wave of the development of agricultural science and technology and modernization, plant protection UAVs have been rapidly popularized and applied, and have played a great role in the unified prevention and control of agricultural diseases and pests, which not only greatly improved the agricultural operation efficiency, but also liberated the productivity to a great extent. Along with, professional "flying hand" has gradually become an emerging profession.
As the production and supply base of green agricultural products in Dawan District, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, what is the current operation of Huizhou's specialized plant protection service? What are the development bottlenecks faced by service organizations and employees under the new business state?
Unified defense rule has become the mainstream "UAVs take off more and farmers go to the land less"
Over the rice field in jiuliang village, Longtian Town, Longmen, two UAVs are performing flight defense tasks. In mid air, the wings of the UAV roared, the rice fields fluctuated and overturned as fast as the water surface, and the fog like drops of medicine were evenly covered on the surface of the crops. In just a few minutes, the flying defense of more than ten mu of rice was completed. Subsequently, the staff skillfully controlled the UAV to land, replace the battery and refill the potion. The UAV soared again and flew to another rice field.
The rice field in front of him is contracted by Chen Liwen, a large grower. In 2017, he leased 900 mu of wasteland through land transfer to develop large-scale rice planting. It is not easy to plant rice on a large scale, especially in the period of high incidence of diseases and pests. If there is no timely drug prevention and control of crops, it is likely to cause a large-scale outbreak of diseases and pests and reduce rice production.
This year, Chen Liwen invited a professional plant protection team to complete all pest control operations in only two days under the operation of two skilled "flying hands", so as to realize the unified control of rice crops in the region within a unified time.
"Now it's time for more drones to take off and less land for us." Liang Yangguang, a large rice grower, is also the beneficiary of the unified control of drone plant protection, operating 120 mu of paddy fields. Previously, every time the farm was busy, the couple would have to get up and mix up the medicine when they were very light. Then they carried 40 pounds of pesticide sprayer under the field. Sometimes they had to spray high temperature and were often smoked to cough.
He calculated an account: if you invite workers to spray medicine, you can only hit 10 mu of field a day without counting the pesticide cost. The labor cost is as high as 150 yuan / day, and sometimes you may not be able to invite people; Now, with UAV flying defense, a UAV can operate 200-300 mu per day, and the service fee per mu is only 60 yuan, including the cost of pesticides. "The efficiency is increased by 15 times, the spraying is more transparent, there are fewer diseases and pests, and the effect is better."
The reporter learned that, like Chen Liwen and Liang Guangri, there are still many growers who choose UAV flight prevention operation. Using machinery to improve agricultural efficiency is gradually recognized by everyone, which is not new in Huizhou agricultural land.
"The specialized unified prevention and control rule has significantly improved the control effect and reduced the use of pesticides by nearly 20%." Li Hua, director of the plant protection department of Huizhou agricultural and rural comprehensive service center, introduced that in traditional planting, problems such as "difficult to apply drugs" and "random application of drugs" occur from time to time. Through the specialized unified prevention and control rule, the "four reductions" and "four improvements" can be significantly achieved: reducing the use of pesticides Reduce pesticide residues, labor costs and environmental pollution; Improve the speed of pest control, improve the control effect, improve the utilization rate of pesticides and improve the quality of agricultural products.
According to the data, in 2019, Huizhou implemented unified control over an area of 4.3 million mu, and the coverage rate of unified control of rice diseases and pests reached 41.27%, higher than the provincial average of 5.27%. Among them, the coverage rate of unified prevention and control in Longmen County has significantly improved. In 2019, the coverage rate of rice unified prevention and control reached 50.65%, covering an area of more than 800000 Mu times, including more than 400000 Mu times of professional prevention and control service organizations, which has been included in the first batch of national push list for the establishment of "100 counties under unified prevention and control" of crop diseases and pests specialization.

There is a large gap of professionals, and the UAV "flying hand" training came into being
The rise of Huizhou specialized unified defense and rule service organization is directly related to the environment and market of agricultural modernization. Previously, statistics showed that the penetration rate of plant protection machinery in the United States, Japan and other countries with a high degree of agricultural modernization exceeded 50%, while that in China has not yet reached 5%. As the technology of plant protection UAV products and special agents matures, according to expert analysis, the market scale of plant protection UAV in China is expected to increase to 30 billion yuan by 2022.
At present, more and more Huizhou local agricultural cooperatives, Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives and enterprises begin to focus on UAV plant protection application services, such as providing flight prevention services, maintenance services, etc. However, in the process of gradually opening the market door, there are few professional service talents for pest control who know diseases and insect pests, understand pesticides, can operate, can maintain and have excellent quality.
In April this year, Huizhou's first plant protection UAV technology application training school was established in Huicheng District, and held three consecutive teaching trainings. More than 30 Huizhou local new farmers graduated and obtained relevant professional certification, injecting technical talents into the specialized unified prevention and control of Huizhou towns.
"Our students come from crop plant protection personnel, large growers and plant protection teams in Huizhou and even Eastern Guangdong. We hire professional teachers to give lectures and carry out targeted agricultural plant protection UAV training." Li Yanfang, general manager of Huizhou Dragonfly Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd., introduced that the training base enables students to quickly master the basics of pesticides through systematic teaching Comprehensive knowledge of UAV application and maintenance, and improve UAV control and maintenance skills through indoor simulation training and field operation.
"Plant protection UAV is a high-tech and new agricultural technology. Students take up their posts with certificates after professional training, which is of great significance for promoting the application of plant protection UAV and ensuring food safety production," Li Yanfang said.
In fact, in recent years, agricultural authorities from the state to the local level have vigorously promoted the rule of plant protection specialization and unified prevention. Service organizations with corresponding plant protection professional technology and equipment have carried out socialized, large-scale and intensive crop pest control services. The atmosphere of learning and exchange of professional talents has become stronger, and the practitioners' sense of love and dedication has significantly improved.
On September 13, Wang Chao, a young UAV "flying hand" from Dragonfly plant protection, represented Huizhou to participate in the preliminary competition of Guangdong Province in the third national crop plant protection professional skills competition in the agricultural industry held in Luoding, Yunfu. In this competition tailored for UAV "flying hand", 54 contestants from agricultural and rural departments, agricultural technology extension departments, plant protection professional service organizations and cooperatives in 21 cities and cities across the province participated. The competition includes two links: theoretical knowledge examination and UAV flight prevention competition (practical operation).
Although Wang Chao only won the Excellence Award in the end, meeting with many UAV "flying hands" made him feel a sense of professional belonging. "We should maintain the learning motivation and explore greater room for improvement," Wang Chao said.
It is understood that the number of local specialized organizations and employees in Huizhou has increased year by year with the increasing demand of the agricultural industry for specialized unified prevention and control services and the upgrading of science and technology. However, Li Hua frankly said that at present, Huizhou governments at all levels still lack investment in public welfare plant protection professional prevention and control organizations. Although agricultural machinery purchase subsidies have been introduced, they are only a drop in the bucket.
"We should strengthen the support for the construction of public welfare plant protection professional prevention and control teams and promote the rapid development of professional unified prevention and control." Li Hua said that at present, Huizhou agricultural and rural comprehensive service center is trying to support a number of professional pest prevention and control service teams that can be pulled, used and won, so as to effectively improve the effect of pest prevention and control. At the same time, we will strengthen the introduction of plant protection UAV flight prevention business, expand the scope of unified prevention and control, promote the combination of agricultural machinery services and professional unified prevention and control, constantly improve the service quality and level, and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization in the city.
Increase of professional plant protection organizations to realize "fool type" agricultural work
The rise of UAV under the rule of agricultural unified defense is only 4-5 years, which is regarded as a new agricultural machinery. In the face of seasonal outbreak of plant diseases, plant protection UAV has become a new favorite in the field due to its good precision application effect, strong water and drug saving ability, time and labor saving and high efficiency.
In recent years, with Shenzhen Dajiang, Zhuhai Jifei and other high-tech enterprises joining the ranks of plant protection UAV production and manufacturing, this kind of agricultural high-tech equipment has been upgraded rapidly. At the agricultural grass-roots level in Huizhou, organizations providing professional flight defense services are also rising rapidly.
The organization that provides professional flight defense services for Chen Liwen comes from the flight defense team of Huizhou Gufeng agricultural and Forestry Service Co., Ltd. The flight defense team has been established for four years. Captain Li Zhitao has experienced the whole process from the rise of UAVs to universal application. His dark skin records the hard work of long-term outdoor work. "During busy farming, he will go to Tiantou at 6:30 in the morning, come back for lunch at 11:00, charge dozens of batteries in turn, and continue to work at 4:00 in the afternoon."
In fact, at the beginning of the formation of the team, many farmers did not recognize this new thing. Li Zhitao took the plane to do demonstration experiments in various towns. When the effect came out, there were more and more orders.
For Li Zhitao, the operation of plant protection UAV is actually very simple, which can be described as "fool". He demonstrated to the reporter with an operator similar to the "game handle" in his hand: first, measure and locate the drug application area, and plan the drug application area into a route on the mobile phone software, and then charge, check and take off. The UAV can fly automatically according to the established route. During this period, only pay attention to the aircraft power and drug quantity, "if it is not enough, land and replace it at any time."
The seemingly simple operation actually contains a lot of practical experience. "The first one I operated was the oil powered single rotary wing UAV, and its sensitivity and operability were not good enough. Now, with the maturity of the hardware and software technology of the plant protection UAV, the electric multi rotor UAV with GPS system is more suitable for field operation." Li Zhitao frankly said that many fields have irregular shapes, high and low, coupled with the impact of external environment such as weather, temperature and wind speed, UAVs occasionally have small accidents, which requires the operator to be flexible.
"I'm most afraid of lotus operation. Once the plane crashes into the pond, the UAV will be scrapped." Li Zhitao said that a qualified "flying hand" should not only master agricultural plant protection knowledge, but also recognize weather and geography, but also understand mechanical maintenance and maintenance. Operating UAVs is only the minimum requirement.
"Flight safety is also very important. There have been incidents of UAVs mistakenly injuring farmers in other places before." Li Zhitao said that each flight prevention operation, a UAV should be guarded by a team member across the farmland to prevent farmers from accidentally breaking into the operation area and being scratched by the wings of the UAV.
It is understood that Gufeng agriculture and forestry flying defense team currently has more than 20 "flying hands" and 25 active plant protection UAVs, which mainly provide services for Huizhou and surrounding cities and towns. The crops include rice, sweet potato, sweet corn, etc., with an average annual operation area of about 100000 mu, and the customer group is still increasing. At the end of 2019, Gufeng agriculture and forestry flying defense team won the national star service organization of unified defense rule, which is the only selected service organization of unified defense rule in Huizhou.
Gufeng agriculture and forestry flying defense team is a typical representative of Huizhou specialized unified defense ruling organization. According to statistics, at present, there are 21 professional unified defense and rule service organizations registered or registered with Huizhou industry and Commerce Department and with a certain scale and influence, with more than 100 UAVs.